The publications of the members of the research group.
2026
Diego Caccavo; Raffaella De Piano; Francesca Landi; Gaetano Lamberti; Anna Angela Barba
Coaxial Jet Mixing for Pharmaceutical Nanocarrier Production: Experimental Analysis and Mechanistic Modeling Journal Article
In: Pharmaceutics, vol. 18, iss. 4, 2026.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: antisolvent precipitation, coaxial jet mixer, computational fluid dynamics, modelling, nanoliposomes, population balance
@article{Caccavo2026d,
title = {Coaxial Jet Mixing for Pharmaceutical Nanocarrier Production: Experimental Analysis and Mechanistic Modeling},
author = {Diego Caccavo and Raffaella De Piano and Francesca Landi and Gaetano Lamberti and Anna Angela Barba},
url = {https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4923/18/4/507/pdf?version=1776679118},
doi = { 10.3390/pharmaceutics18040507 },
year = {2026},
date = {2026-04-20},
journal = { Pharmaceutics},
volume = {18},
issue = {4},
abstract = {This study addresses the need for scalable and predictive strategies linking mixing conditions to nanocarrier properties by developing and analyzing a coaxial jet antisolvent process for the continuous production of pharmaceutical nanocarriers. Methods: A single experimental platform was used to generate both curcumin-based nanoparticles and nanoliposomes, enabling direct comparison of how mixing regime and formulation variables influence product characteristics. Results: Fluid-dynamic behavior was first characterized using tracer and micromixing experiments, revealing a strong dependence of mixing time on flow conditions, with characteristic mixing times decreasing from \>1000 ms under laminar conditions to approximately 10\textendash30 ms in turbulent regimes. Nanoparticles and liposomes obtained under optimized conditions exhibited mean sizes in the range of 120\textendash250 nm, with polydispersity indices typically below 0.2 under optimized turbulent conditions. To rationalize these observations, a computational framework was implemented, combining Reynolds-averaged computational fluid dynamics with a population balance formulation solved by the method of moments. The model provided spatially resolved insight into solvent exchange, supersaturation development, and nucleation\textendashgrowth dynamics, showing good agreement with experimental trends and capturing the effect of mixing conditions on particle size across different regimes. Conclusions: Although simplified, the modeling approach establishes the basis for future extensions toward full population-balance distribution simulations capable of predicting complete particle size distributions, highlighting the ability of the coaxial jet mixer to control supersaturation and particle formation through tunable hydrodynamic conditions. This capability makes the system particularly attractive compared to conventional batch or less controllable mixing technologies, enabling a more rational and scalable design of pharmaceutical nanocarriers, with good encapsulation performance as discussed in the main text.},
keywords = {antisolvent precipitation, coaxial jet mixer, computational fluid dynamics, modelling, nanoliposomes, population balance},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
This study addresses the need for scalable and predictive strategies linking mixing conditions to nanocarrier properties by developing and analyzing a coaxial jet antisolvent process for the continuous production of pharmaceutical nanocarriers. Methods: A single experimental platform was used to generate both curcumin-based nanoparticles and nanoliposomes, enabling direct comparison of how mixing regime and formulation variables influence product characteristics. Results: Fluid-dynamic behavior was first characterized using tracer and micromixing experiments, revealing a strong dependence of mixing time on flow conditions, with characteristic mixing times decreasing from >1000 ms under laminar conditions to approximately 10–30 ms in turbulent regimes. Nanoparticles and liposomes obtained under optimized conditions exhibited mean sizes in the range of 120–250 nm, with polydispersity indices typically below 0.2 under optimized turbulent conditions. To rationalize these observations, a computational framework was implemented, combining Reynolds-averaged computational fluid dynamics with a population balance formulation solved by the method of moments. The model provided spatially resolved insight into solvent exchange, supersaturation development, and nucleation–growth dynamics, showing good agreement with experimental trends and capturing the effect of mixing conditions on particle size across different regimes. Conclusions: Although simplified, the modeling approach establishes the basis for future extensions toward full population-balance distribution simulations capable of predicting complete particle size distributions, highlighting the ability of the coaxial jet mixer to control supersaturation and particle formation through tunable hydrodynamic conditions. This capability makes the system particularly attractive compared to conventional batch or less controllable mixing technologies, enabling a more rational and scalable design of pharmaceutical nanocarriers, with good encapsulation performance as discussed in the main text.
2012
Gaetano Lamberti
Parametric simulation of drug release from hydrogel-based matrices Journal Article
In: Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, vol. 64, no. 1, pp. 48–51, 2012, ISSN: 00223573.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: drug release, FEM, HPMC, Hydrogels, modelling
@article{Lamberti2012,
title = {Parametric simulation of drug release from hydrogel-based matrices},
author = { Gaetano Lamberti},
url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.2042-7158.2011.01373.x},
doi = {10.1111/j.2042-7158.2011.01373.x},
issn = {00223573},
year = {2012},
date = {2012-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology},
volume = {64},
number = {1},
pages = {48--51},
publisher = {Blackwell Publishing Ltd},
abstract = {Objectives In this work a model recently proposed to describe the drug release from hydrogel-based matrices was applied to describe the fractional drug release from matrices based on hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC) and diclofenac. Methods The model, firstly proposed to describe the behaviour of systems based on HPMC and theophylline and a single set of preparation variables, is based on mass balances and transport phenomena evaluation and it was solved by an FEM-based numerical code. The experimental data on the HPMC\textendashdiclofenac matrices, taken from literature, have been obtained by varying the drug loading ratio, the compression force, the powder size of both the drug and the polymer. Key findings A good agreement between experimental data and model predictions, as calculated in the present work, was obtained without the use of any adjustable parameters. Conclusions The predictive nature of the model has been confirmed, even changing the drug molecule and other preparative parameters.},
keywords = {drug release, FEM, HPMC, Hydrogels, modelling},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Objectives In this work a model recently proposed to describe the drug release from hydrogel-based matrices was applied to describe the fractional drug release from matrices based on hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC) and diclofenac. Methods The model, firstly proposed to describe the behaviour of systems based on HPMC and theophylline and a single set of preparation variables, is based on mass balances and transport phenomena evaluation and it was solved by an FEM-based numerical code. The experimental data on the HPMC–diclofenac matrices, taken from literature, have been obtained by varying the drug loading ratio, the compression force, the powder size of both the drug and the polymer. Key findings A good agreement between experimental data and model predictions, as calculated in the present work, was obtained without the use of any adjustable parameters. Conclusions The predictive nature of the model has been confirmed, even changing the drug molecule and other preparative parameters.